Due to the great climate change, attention should be paid to the insulation of the pig house. First, the appropriate temperature of pigs at each stage should be known. In selecting appropriate insulation measures, it is also necessary to ensure that the insulation measures can reach the appropriate temperature range.

The size of pigs is divided by weight. Different weight pigs have different requirements for temperature. Newborn piglets have high requirements for temperature, and the temperature is lower and lower with the increase of weight. The appropriate temperature and critical temperature are introduced according to the weight of pigs. The weight of pigs (kg) is low critical temperature, appropriate temperature and high critical temperature.

"Critical" refers to the external conditions required when the state of a substance changes. The critical temperature of pigs is within the critical temperature range. Pigs can adapt to the environment through their own adjustment function. If the environmental temperature exceeds the critical temperature range, it will exceed the pig's own adjustment ability, which is easy to cause harm. The suitable temperature for newborn piglets is 29 °, and the high and low critical temperatures are 31 ° and 29 °, respectively. The range is very narrow, indicating that the adjustment ability of newborn piglets is not perfect, and it is necessary to create a suitable environment to ensure their normal growth. With the increase of body weight, the ability to regulate is gradually enhanced, and the requirements are becoming wider and wider.

Specific steps of pig farm pest control procedure

The parasites can be divided into internal parasites (such as ascaris lumbricoides, tubercle worms, whipworms, etc.) and external parasites (such as scabies mites, blood lice, etc.). After infected with the parasites, pigs will not only lose weight, feed conversion efficiency is low, and in serious cases, pigs will die, causing great economic losses. Therefore, the pig farm must remove the internal and external parasites. The general anthelmintic procedures are as follows:

1. Reserve pigs: one time to drive parasites inside and outside the body of the introduced pigs in the second week after entering the site; one time to drive parasites inside and outside the body of the breeding precursor.

2. Adult boar: expel parasites inside and outside the body once every six months.

3. Adult sows: expel parasites inside and outside the body once 2 weeks before delivery.

4. Newly purchased piglets: expel parasites once in the second week after entering the site.

5. Introduced breeding pigs: use the precursor parasite once.

6. Growing pigs: 9 weeks old and 6 months old each drive the parasites once.

7. Disinfection of pig houses and herds:

(1) The male, female and reserve pigs shall be spray once a month to expel the external parasites.

(2) Before entering the pig delivery room, the empty fence of the empty house should be dewatered once, and the external parasites should be driven once before the sows go to the delivery bed.

8. Insecticidal drugs can be flexibly controlled according to the situation of pigs, drug properties, and drug users.

9. At the same time, when expelling parasites inside and outside the body, the method of continuous feeding with mixed feed such as Tinopharin, Ivermectin and Avermectin for one week is generally adopted; when expelling only external parasites, the method of external spray such as acaricin, louse mite and diphtheria is generally adopted.

10. The method of feeding parasites inside and outside the body with one meal should be used again every 7 days.

11. Commercial pigs are good for stomach before anthelmintic.

How to control the small environment in the pig house:

The biological characteristics of pigs are: little pigs are afraid of cold, big pigs are afraid of heat, big and small pigs are not resistant to humidity, and they also need clean air and some light. Therefore, the structure and process design of the pig house of the large-scale pig farm should be considered around these issues. These factors influence and restrict each other. For example, in winter, the doors and windows are closed to keep the house warm, but the air is dirty. In summer, flushing the pig body and the pigsty can cool down, but it increases the temperature in the house. It can be seen that the microclimate regulation in the pig house must be comprehensively considered to create an environment conducive to the growth and development of pigs.

1、 Temperature

Temperature plays a leading role in various environmental factors. Pigs are very sensitive to the ambient temperature, which is shown by the piglets' fear of cold. Low temperature does great harm to newborn piglets. If exposed in a low temperature environment for 2 hours, you can freeze stiff, freeze faint, or even freeze to death. The adult pig can not eat or drink when it is frozen at - 8 ° for a long time, and shivers. The lean pig can stand unsteadily when it is frozen at - 5 °.

The indirect effect of cold on piglets is greater. It is the main inducement of diarrhea diseases such as yellow and white dysentery and infectious gastroenteritis in piglets, and can also stress the occurrence of respiratory diseases. The results showed that if the nurseries lived in the environment below 12 ℃, their weight gain was 4.3% slower than that of the control group, and their feed reward was 5% lower.

In cold season, the temperature of adult pig shed shall not be lower than 10 °: it is better to keep the pig house at 18 °. 2. Piglets aged 3 weeks need about 26 °; piglets aged less than 1 week need 30 ° environment: the temperature in the incubator is higher.

The temperature difference between day and night in spring and autumn is large, which can reach more than 10 °. Weakened pigs cannot adapt to it and are prone to induce various diseases. Therefore, it is required to close and open the doors and windows in time to reduce the temperature difference between day and night.

Adult pigs are not heat-resistant. When the temperature is higher than 28t, large pigs weighing more than 75kg may suffer from asthma: if the temperature is higher than 30 °, the pig's feed intake will be significantly reduced, the feed reward will be reduced, and the pig will grow slowly. When the temperature is above 35 ° and no heatstroke prevention measures are taken, some fat pigs may suffer from heatstroke. Pregnant sows may cause abortion, decline of boar's libido, and poor semen quality. It is difficult to recover within 2 or 3 months. Heat stress can stimulate a variety of diseases.

The temperature in the pig house depends on the source and dissipation of heat in the pig house. In the absence of heating equipment, the source of heat mainly depends on the heat emitted by pigs and sunlight. The amount of heat loss is related to the structure, building materials, ventilation equipment and management of the pig house. In cold seasons, the nursing house and pig care house should be equipped with heating and insulation facilities. In hot summer, adult pigs should be well protected against heatstroke. For example, increase ventilation and shower, speed up heat emission, reduce the feeding density of pigs in the pig house, and reduce the heat source in the house. This work is particularly important for pregnant sows and boars.

2、 Humidity

Humidity refers to the amount of water in the air of the pig house, generally expressed by relative temperature and humidity. The suitable humidity range for pigs is 65,80. The experiment shows that it is suitable for pigs to live in the environment of 14,23T temperature, 50% relative humidity and 80% relative humidity. Pigs grow fast and fatten well.

The high temperature in the pig house affects the metabolism of pigs, which is one of the main causes of yellow and white diarrhea in piglets, and can also induce diseases in muscles and joints. In order to prevent excessive temperature, first of all, reduce the source of water vapor in the pigsty, use less or no large amount of water to wash the pigsty, keep the ground flat and avoid ponding. Set ventilation equipment and open doors and windows frequently to reduce indoor temperature.

3、 Ventilation

Due to the high density of pigs in large-scale pig farms, the pig houses are relatively small and airtight, and a large amount of carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and dust are stored in the pig houses. The large allowable value of harmful gases in the air of pig house is 3000 * 20 for carbon dioxide, 30 * 10 for ammonia and 20 * 10 for hydrogen sulfide. Excessive air pollution often occurs in the cold season when doors and windows are closed. If pigs live in this environment for a long time, they will first stimulate the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, causing inflammation. Pigs are prone to infection or respiratory diseases. Such as pig asthma, infectious pleuropneumonia, pig lung disease, etc. Turbid air can also cause stress syndrome in pigs, which is manifested in decreased appetite, decreased lactation, mania or drowsiness, biting the tail and chewing the ear. To eliminate or reduce the harmful gas in the pig house, in addition to paying attention to ventilation, it is also necessary to do a good job of environmental health management in the pig house, and clean up the feces and sewage in time to prevent them from being decomposed in the pig house. Teach pigs the habit of discharging feces on the playground or beside the pig house. Drying is the main measure to reduce the generation of harmful gases, and ventilation is an important method to eliminate harmful gases. When there is a contradiction between heat preservation and ventilation in cold seasons, peroxide disinfectants can be regularly sprayed into the pig house. The oxygen released from the disinfectants can oxidize hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in the air, playing the role of sterilization, deodorization, dust reduction and air purification.

4、 Light

Light can promote metabolism, accelerate bone growth, and activate and enhance immune function in pigs. Finishing pigs do not require too much light, but light plays an important role in breeding sows or piglets. The experiment shows that if the light is increased from 10TX to 60100LX, the reproduction rate can be increased by 45%, 85%: the litter weight of newborn piglets increases by 0.7,1.6kg; the breeding rate of piglets increases by 7.7%, 1.21%. The lactating sows maintained light for 16h every day, which could induce early oestrus after weaning. Therefore, sows, piglets and reserve breeding pigs are required to maintain a light time of 50100lx at 14,18h every day. Natural light is better than artificial light, so different light areas should be given according to the requirements of different types of pigs. At the same time, attention should be paid to reducing excessive heat dissipation in winter and at night and avoiding direct sunlight in the pig house in summer.

Detailed measures for introducing pig breeds in pig farms:

1、 Selection of breeding pigs

60kg is appropriate, and the body shape conforms to the appearance characteristics of this breed, and the introduction weight of the healthy and non hereditary disease reserve breeding pig is 40kg

Requirements for boars: responsive, strong limbs, flat back, developed hindquarters, well developed testes, uniform size, symmetrical left and right, normal foreskin, no urine accumulation, and obvious male characteristics.

Requirements for sows: the head and neck are beautiful, the back and waist are straight, the limbs are strong, the temperament is gentle, the vulva is not upwarped and develops well, there are more than 6 pairs of nipples, the arrangement is uniform and symmetrical, and there are no blind nipples or inverted nipples.

Preparations before introduction:

1. The isolation house is more than 100 meters away from the existing pig herd, and the water and electricity are unobstructed, and the ventilation is sunny.

2. The isolation house shall be cleaned, thoroughly disinfected and left empty for at least one week.

3. Prepare routine treatment and health care drugs, disinfection drugs, breeding tools and high-quality full price feed.

2、 Transportation of breeding pigs

Transport vehicles must be strictly disinfected before transportation. The padding shall be spread in the carriage to prevent the mechanical damage of the pig's feet and legs during transportation. In addition, some health care and anti stress drugs are also prepared to facilitate timely and effective measures to be taken for stressed pigs caused by transportation.

3、 Isolation of breeding pigs

1. The breeding pigs shall be fed in groups according to their sex and size after arrival, and the isolation period is 45 days.

2. Within 3 days after the introduction, feed a small amount of feed, provide sufficient water and observe the adaptability. Anti stress drugs such as electrolytic multidimensional can be added to drinking water, and appropriate green feed can be added. Amoxicillin 200ppm florfenicol 100ppm was added to the feed within one week after the introduction, which was effective in preventing the occurrence of diseases for 7-14 days.

3. After 15 days of stable and healthy breeding pigs, according to the epidemic situation of the local disease, the reserve pigs should be injected with vaccine reasonably. After immunization, antibody monitoring shall be conducted for breeding pigs to ensure the antibody level of pigs.

4. 40 days after the introduction of breeding pigs, under the normal condition of the pig herd, the old sows of the factory can be mixed into the breeding, so that the reserve pigs can be gradually domesticated.