Preparation before brooding

1、 Preparation of brooding room and tools

Before brooding, check and repair the chicken house, mainly to facilitate heat preservation, and timely repair any damaged doors, windows, walls, roofs, etc. Pay special attention to prevent thief wind and rain leakage, and pay attention to the ability to regulate the air and ventilate in hot seasons. The layout shall be reasonable to facilitate breeding management and epidemic prevention.

The equipment and appliances such as brooding cage, feeding tank and water dispenser must be carefully washed with clean water before each feeding, especially the dead corners, which should be exposed to the sun. The floor of the chicken house should be disinfected with disinfectant, and the walls should also be sprayed with disinfectant.

2、 Preheating in brooding room

Before feeding the chicks, turn on the heat source or the power supply of the insulation umbrella to make the area around the brooding room reach 32,34? Only when the temperature is stable, especially when the temperature is low, should we pay more attention. If there is no thermal insulation umbrella and the room space is large, it can be covered with thermal insulation materials 80 cm above the ground to reduce and shrink the space and achieve the purpose of thermal insulation.

3、 Preparation of feed and medicine

Before entering the chicks, select high-quality feed according to the requirements of the chicks. Each chick needs about 0.8,1.1 kg of feed when it is five weeks old. The first 20 days of brooding have little food, so don't store too much feed to avoid deterioration. At the same time, some commonly used drugs should be prepared, such as salt supplement for chicks, glucose, Shi Defu, neomycin sulfate, Jibao-20, Wei Baxian, and special effect Mixian.

Section II Key points of raising chicks

1、 Drinking water

The chicks should drink water before feeding. For the first two weeks of brooding, cold boiled water should be fed, and then clean well water can be fed. It is better to add salt and glucose powder to the drinking water for 1-3 day old chicks. At the age of 7-9 days, you should drink neomycin sulfate or norfloxacin for 2-3 days to prevent pullorum and cold. At the age of 14-16 days, people should drink anti coccidiosis drugs such as Jibao-20, Amproline and Enecoccus to prevent the occurrence of coccidiosis.

2、 Feed

Fresh chicks can be fed after drinking for 1-2 hours. Chickens before the age of one month shall be fed with chicken full price pellet feed. Generally, the feed for the chicks is not divided into meals. The feed is put in the drink tank so that it can be eaten all day long. But we must pay attention to less frequent feeding, and do not have outdated feed to ensure that the feed is fresh and not moldy.

Section III Key Points of Chicken Management

1、 Temperature

The chicks should be given a higher temperature immediately after entering the house, generally up to 32-34?, Later, as the chicks grow up, it gradually decreases by 1-2? Per week?. When the chick is about 60 days old, the room temperature drops to 20? We can't go down any more. The temperature of brooding should be 2? Higher at night than in the day? about. In addition, attention should also be paid to the dynamics of the chicken flock. The chickens close their eyes and scream and squeeze into piles, indicating that the temperature is not enough; The chicks stay away from the heat source, stick to the wall and breathe, indicating that the temperature is too high; Chickens are evenly distributed in the house, active, and normal in feeding and drinking. When resting, they stretch their necks and legs one by one to lie quietly, indicating that the temperature is appropriate.

In another case, although the temperature gauge is suitable, the bedding grass is too thin and the ground is too cold, so the chickens do not lie down and pile up. At this time, the bedding grass should be thickened.

The main methods of keeping chicks warm are: insulation umbrella, infrared lamp, electric lamp, lamp pit, etc.

2、 Humidity

The water content of the chicks just out of the shell reaches 76%. If the brooding room is too dry, the water in the chicks will disperse greatly, which is unfavorable to the growth and development of the chicks. But the humidity is too high, the air is not circulating, the chickens are stuffy, and it is easy to cause coccidia, pullorum and other diseases. The relative humidity in the brooding room is generally 65-55%. In addition, the water dispenser should always keep constant water supply. In this way, in addition to providing sufficient water for chickens, it can also regulate the humidity of indoor air.

3、 Air

Chickens breathe fast and metabolize vigorously. There are often hundreds or even thousands of chicks in a brooding room. If the density is high, more carbon dioxide is emitted. In addition, toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide decomposed from feces are likely to cause insufficient oxygen and affect the health of chicks, especially in multi-level cages. Therefore, the heat preservation and air exchange must be well adjusted. There should be an exhaust window above the brooding room. When entering the chicken house, you should not smell ammonia.

4、 Light

The chicks should be given 24-hour continuous light for 1-2 days after entering the house. On the third day, it is better to change to regular lighting, which is generally 16-17 hours a day (including natural lighting and artificial lighting time).

5、 Density

The density of chicks in the brooding room is gradually evacuated with the increase of chicken weeks. At the same time, the density should be different due to different seasons. It can be denser in winter and thinner in summer. General density: 70-80 per square meter at the age of 1 week; 2-week old, 50-60 per square meter; 3-week old, 30-40 per square meter; 4-6 weeks old, 20-30 per square meter; 15-20 animals per square meter at the age of 7-9 weeks.

In addition, attention should also be paid to the fact that the broilers of other breeds are large in size, fast in growth, and should be sparse; Local chickens are small, slow growing and can be dense.

6、 Grouping

Chickens of different ages cannot be raised in the same group, and chickens raised in large groups should be grouped early. Grouping shall be carried out according to the strength, male and female, size, and the maximum number of flocks shall not exceed 500 (flat breeding), so as to avoid extrusion, damage and pecking. Grouping can be carried out simultaneously with chicken culling and evacuation density. Reasonable grouping can ensure the orderly development of chicks, and it is also an important measure to improve the survival rate.

In addition to the above points, the same brooding room should not be used for feeding chicks in batches, but should be used for all in and out, which is conducive to epidemic prevention. After the chicks are transferred out, it is better to put the chicken house for 1-2 weeks, and then enter the next batch of chicks after repeated strict disinfection, so as to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Chapter II Key Points of Chicken Raising and Management

From chicken to chicken, the main task is to make the following three transitions.

1. Transition of desuperheating: no longer need to keep warm when entering the middle chicken stage. However, the temperature should be reduced in several days, not all at once, or the chickens will not adapt to it and will easily cause disease.

2. The transition of grazing: In the middle chicken stage, they are generally raised outside, but they should not be put outside from the brooding room at once, especially when the temperature is low, rainy and windy. The correct way is to put it in the chicken house for a few days. Then release the gate, gradually expand the range of grazing, and raise for several days. Finally, it was put outside for breeding.

3. Feed transition: The nutrient content of the feed in the middle chicken stage is lower than that in the chick stage, but it cannot be lowered at once, and should be gradually reduced. The specific method is: for the first three days, use two-thirds of the chicken feed, add one-third of the medium chicken feed, mix well and feed. Then use chicken feed, half of which is medium chicken feed, mix well and feed for three days. Then use one third of the chicken feed and two thirds of the medium chicken feed, mix them well and feed them for three days. Finally, the chickens were fed completely.

Chapter III Key Points of Broiler Feeding and Management

The feeding management of broiler stage aims to promote muscle growth and fat deposition. The main methods are:

1. The feeding trough should be sufficient so that all chickens can only eat together. Sufficient clean drinking water shall be ensured. This can make the whole flock grow neatly.

2. The chicken house shall be ventilated, clean and sanitary, and the room temperature shall be 16-30? It is the most appropriate, and should maintain a certain degree of darkness, as long as there is a certain degree of light when feeding, and you can eat normally.

3. It is necessary to increase the fat containing feed appropriately, such as adding lard, rape oil, etc. However, increase gradually when adding, generally 2% of the feeding weight can be added. It is better to feed the fattened chickens about one month before the market.

Chapter IV Key Points of Chicken Epidemic Prevention

Section I Do a good job of cleaning and disinfection

1、 Keep the chicken house clean and dry

The chicken house and its surrounding environment must be cleaned and replaced frequently to keep it clean and dry. The feces, bedding grass, leftovers, fodder, garbage and other Fen materials removed from the site are covered with soil and retted into fertilizer. In this way, the bacteria, viruses and parasite eggs in the Fen can be killed by using the heat generated during the internal fermentation of the compost heap.

2、 Disinfect regularly

The chicken utensils, equipment, chicken houses and the surrounding environment should be disinfected regularly. This is an important measure to prevent and eliminate infectious diseases, which must be carefully done. It is advisable to disinfect once a week at ordinary times, and once a day when infectious diseases occur. There are many ways to disinfect. It can be selected according to different disinfection objects and actual conditions. Here are some commonly used disinfection methods.

1. Sunshine disinfection: It is an economical and practical disinfection method to use the ultraviolet ray of sunlight to kill bacteria and viruses. The tools and bedding for raising chickens can be exposed to the sun, and chickens can also be properly exposed to the sun.

2. Flame disinfection method: The bedding, feed, garbage, etc. contaminated by the secretion of sick chickens can be burned off. The contaminated food tanks, drinking fountains and utensils can be baked repeatedly on the flame to kill some pathogenic microorganisms.

3. Boiling disinfection method: work clothes, syringes, needles and surgical appliances can be sterilized by boiling them in a pot for 30-60 minutes. Some things in the chicken house that cannot be moved can also be repeatedly washed and disinfected with boiling water.

4. Drug disinfection method: the internal and external equipment and appliances of the chicken house can be disinfected with such disinfectants as Qiangli Disinfectant, Shidujing, Shidusha, Xiaoteling, Xiaoteling, Xiaoduwang, lime, caustic soda, and Junduqing.

Section II Regular preventive injection

Preventive injection is commonly referred to as "play a preventive shot", which is an important measure to prevent infectious diseases in chickens.

1、 Vaccine and epidemic prevention rules for chickens

1. Fast breeder broilers: inject marek's disease vaccine at the age of 1 day. At the age of 6-8 days, drop new bifocal vaccine, inoculate chicken pox vaccine, and drink the first bursal vaccine. At the age of 17-20 days, drink the chicken plague IV vaccine and the second bursal vaccine. 30-32 days old. Infected bronchial H52 vaccine, chicken fever I vaccine (or chicken fever IV vaccine), and third dose of bursal vaccine.

2. Local broilers: inject marek's disease vaccine at the age of 1 day. At the age of 6-8 days, inoculate the chicken pox vaccine, drop the new double vaccine, and drink the first dose of Fahrenheit or vaccine. 16-18 days old, drink the second time of bursal vaccine and inject the second time of Marek's disease vaccine. At the age of 30 days, inject the first strain I vaccine of chicken plague, drip H52 vaccine of infectious bronchitis, and drink the third dose of bursal vaccine. At the age of 60 days, inject the second chicken plague I vaccine, inject the poultry drinking vaccine, and drip the infectious bronchitis vaccine.

2、 Vaccine and epidemic prevention rules for breeding chickens

Breeding chickens shall be injected with chicken plague I vaccine and avian abortive vaccine every six months, and the infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine shall be dropped once.

Section III Proper Use of Some Preventive Drugs

Taking preventive drugs regularly is an important measure to implement the policy of "prevention first". The production practice of many chicken farms has proved that taking preventive drugs regularly can prevent pathogenic microorganisms from entering the chicken body and kill pathogenic microorganisms invading the chicken body, enhance the disease resistance of the chicken body, and have a good effect on disease prevention.

Taking preventive drugs is mainly based on the occurrence and prevalence of chicken disease. Before the onset of the disease, antibiotics and other drugs such as cooling and detoxification, digestive aid, spleen and stomach strengthening are regularly fed in a planned and purposeful manner. For example, feeding 1-3 day old chicks with added salt can not only eliminate gastrointestinal bacteria to prevent pullorum, but also increase nutrients to prevent dry feet due to dehydration. Feeding 6-8 day old chicks with neomycin sulfate can prevent pullorum and enteritis. The 15-18 day old chickens were given aminopropanol, Jibao-20, Diqiwang and other drugs to prevent white diarrhea and coccidiosis. When inoculated with virus vaccine or dead vaccine, Vibrio can be added to drinking water for 2-3 consecutive days to prevent stress. In the climate change is big, or in the season when chicken disease is easy to occur, you can take some Chinese herbal medicines that can clear heat, cool blood, and fight bacteria and inflammation to prevent respiratory diseases. At ordinary times, we often feed chickens some B assorted tablets, lactose raw, and food mother raw, which can not only strengthen the spleen and digest food, but also prevent and treat diseases.

Section 4 Emergency Measures in the Event of Infectious Diseases

In a chicken farm or farmer's flock, if the same chicken disease occurs simultaneously or continuously for several days, it may be an infectious disease. At this time, the sick chickens should be isolated first, and experienced veterinarians should be invited to diagnose and treat the disease quickly. If the disease is diagnosed as an infectious disease, the following measures should be taken immediately to quickly extinguish and control the disease.

1、 Reporting epidemic situation: After the occurrence of infectious diseases, the epidemic situation should be reported to the relevant departments to obtain their attention and support. At the same time, the adjacent chicken farms and farmers were informed to pay close attention to the development of the epidemic and take effective measures to prevent chickens from being infected.

2、 Isolation treatment: isolate the sick chickens from the flock and treat them separately to minimize the loss. The diseased chickens isolated for treatment should be raised by special personnel, using special feed and tools, and the feces and bedding of diseased chickens should also be treated separately. Irrelevant personnel should not enter or leave the chicken house to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, a disinfection pool should be set at the entrance of the healthy chicken house and the diseased chicken house. Disinfection water should be put into the pool. When people and vehicles enter or leave the chicken house pass through the disinfection pool, the pathogenic microorganisms on their feet or vehicles will be killed.

3、 Blocking: Its purpose is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases to safe areas. After the blockade, chickens, chickens, eggs, etc. in the epidemic area shall not be allowed to go on the market or transported out to the safe area. When the last sick chicken is cured or dead, it shall be thoroughly disinfected, and after about 10 days, if there is no sick chicken, the blockade can be lifted.

4、 Disinfection: After the occurrence of infectious diseases, the chicken house, feeding trough, water dispenser, utensils, sick chicken feces, and all contaminated things should be thoroughly disinfected with appropriate disinfection methods, without carelessness or omission.

5、 Proper treatment of diseased chicken carcasses: diseased and dead chicken carcasses contain a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, proper treatment of diseased chickens and their carcasses is the key measure to quickly control the epidemic situation. In particular, farmers should be persuaded not to sell sick chickens on the market or slaughter them at will to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and accelerate infection. Dead chickens should be buried deep (about 0.6m deep) away from villages, water sources or places where chickens can not get to. After burial, lime should be sprinkled. Personnel and tools should be disinfected.

6、 Emergency preventive injection: After the isolation of the sick chickens, other local healthy chickens, as well as chickens from neighboring farmers, should be given emergency preventive injection to improve the disease resistance of the healthy chickens.

Chapter V Prevention and Control of Common Chicken Diseases

1、 Chicken plague

1. Symptoms: poor spirit, standing apart, head and neck tightening, loose feathers, not eating. Black crests, green and white feces, swell the crop, and lift the sick chicken upside down, sour and smelly liquid will flow out of the mouth. Difficulty breathing, cough.

2. Lesions: swelling of glandular stomach papilla, bleeding, bleeding of coronary groove fat, cloacal bleeding, swelling of cecum tonsil, bleeding, and throat bleeding.

3. Neck protection: Drop the second series vaccine at the age of 7-8 days, inject the first series vaccine at the age of one month, and inject the second series vaccine at the age of two months.

4. Treatment: Early injection of chicken plague antibody has a good effect. The dosage is 0.5-1 ml for chickens, 1.5-1.8 ml for medium chickens and 2-3 ml for big chickens.

2、 Marek's disease

1. Symptoms: depression, loss of appetite, daily emaciation, shrinking head and closing eyes, unwilling to walk. The head is crooked, the crop droops, the wings droop, and the child is paralyzed. In some cases, the iris is turbid, the edge is irregular, and the pupil is narrowed or even blind. A few skin tumors are seen. Faeces are blue and white.

2. Pathological changes: hepatomegaly, severe surface tumors ranging from rice grains to peanuts. Spleen enlargement. In some cases, tumors were found in the kidneys, intestines, lungs, etc. Adenogastric edema. In some cases, the nerves in the legs or wings become swollen and lose luster.

3. Prevention: The first vaccine is injected within 24 hours of birth, and the second vaccine is injected within 16-18 days. Do not feed in the place where Marek's disease occurred 40 days ago.

4. Treatment: At present, there is no specific drug treatment. The best way is to take liquorice, mung bean and kelp boiled sugar water to reduce symptoms and death.

3、 Bursal disease of Fabricius

1. Symptoms: depressed, loose, afraid of cold, piling up, high body temperature, unstable gait, lying on the floor, with drooping wings and head and neck touching the ground. Loss of appetite or abandonment, increase of drinking water. Droch yellow white or light white watery thin feces, swollen crop. Death occurs soon after the onset.

2. Lesions: muscle hemorrhage, bursa of Fabricius edema and hemorrhage, bleeding spots in glandular stomach, pale and swollen kidney.

3. Prevention: drink the first vaccine at the age of 6-8 days, the second vaccine at the age of 17-20 days, and the third vaccine at the age of 30-32 days.

4. Treatment: (1) Inject anti bursal antibody, 1-1.2 ml for chicks and 1.2-2.5 ml for medium chickens. (2) Drink Shenzhongjieduqing and cysticidal disease for 2-3 days.

4、 Chicken pox

1. Symptoms: Acne occurs on hairless parts such as the crown, beard, eye margin, mouth and throat. Due to the influence of acne, symptoms such as anorexia and dyspnea may occur. In severe cases, death may occur due to lack of food, water or suffocation.

2. Prevention: vaccinate against chicken pox at the age of 7-12 days.

3. Treatment: Carefully soak the scab with normal saline and peel it off slowly. If it is on the skin, apply ringworm ointment after peeling off the scab. For example, in the throat, after peeling off the scab, apply iodine glycerin, and blow a little Houzhen Pill or Liushen Pill powder. Use twice a day until you recover.

5、 Infectious bronchitis

1. Symptoms: The sick chicken is depressed, has difficulty breathing, wheezes, has rales in breathing, coughs, nasal congestion swelling, runs viscous nasal fluid, tears, and sick grayish white feces.

2. Lesions: congestion and bleeding of nasal, tracheal and bronchial mucosa, and serous secretion. There are cheese like substances at the boundary of trachea and bronchitis. The kidney is pale and swollen, and the renal tubules and ureters are enlarged, full of white urate.

3. Prevention: the first dose of vaccine at the age of 6-8 days, and the second dose at the age of 30-32 days.

4. Treatment: (1) Inject enrofloxacin plus virusoin. (2) Injecting the bacterium terling plus teloren. (3) Lincomycin plus dianecana. (4) Drink and take Talibetal.

6、 Infectious laryngotracheitis

1. Symptoms: runny nose, watery eyes, swollen face, poor spirit, dyspnea, common symptoms include stretching neck and opening mouth for breathing, coughing and panting. Sick chickens often have blood like secretions in their nostrils. They often shake their heads and cough up blood stained liquid, so blood like secretions can often be seen on the floor or wall of the hen house.

2. Lesion: The tracheal mucosa is highly congested and bleeding, and there is a large amount of blood mucus in the tracheal cavity, and there is cheese like substance.

3. Prevention: Infectious tracheitis vaccine should be received in areas where the disease is endemic.

4. Treatment: (1) Inject anti tracheitis antibody. (2) Inject Virnet. (3) Drink and take virusoid and Kebiqing raw materials. (4) Drink and take Qiangli Kechuanling.

7、 Chronic respiratory disease

1. Symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, coughing, dyspnea, and trachea rale. Loss of appetite, growth halts, and gradually becomes emaciated. In severe cases, the nasal cavity has oozing material, the eyes and face are swollen, the eyes are prominent and even blind, and the patient dies of emaciation.

2. Lesion: The trachea has rough mucosa and mucus in it. The gas wall is thickened and turbid, and the suborbital sinus is found.

3. Prevention: the inactivated vaccine of septicemia mycoplasma can be injected for prevention.

4. Treatment: (1) Enrofloxacin injection. (2) Inject ofloxacin. (3) Inject Spectinomycin and Lincomycin. (4) Cephalosporin was injected. (5) Inject streptomycin. (6) Drink and take Tyfovir or doxycycline. (7) Drink and take Talibetal.

8、 Colibacillosis

1. Symptoms: listlessness, head retraction, closed eyes, white or yellow green feces. Dyspnea, open mouth breathing, rales, conjunctival inflammation.

2. Pathological changes: hepatomegaly, copper green, gray white spots in the size of needle head, and the surface is covered with stripped gray white cellulose membrane. The pericardium is thickened and grayish white, and the pericardial fluid is increased. There are cellulose exudates in the pericardium, and the epicardium is also covered with such exudates. The gas is thickened and rough, with gray inflammatory exudate attached. The peritoneum is thickened, lusterless, and attached with cellulose exudate. The intestinal mucosa swells and bleeds, and the intestinal contents are thin and often mixed with blood. The abdominal cavity of hens is often filled with light yellow fishy liquid and cracked egg yolk.

3. Prevention: It can be prevented by injecting E. coli vaccine. It is better to inject the vaccine made of strains isolated from the chicken farm.

4. Treatment: According to the test, Qingnuokang, Qingda toxin, chloramphenicol, neomycin, enrofloxacin, special effect Mixian, coliform 1 and other drugs have good therapeutic effects, which can be used optionally, and the usage is in accordance with the instructions. Penicillin, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have poor efficacy.

9、 Aspergillosis

1. Symptoms: The sick chicken has poor appetite, drowsiness and diarrhea. The number of breaths increases, the neck is stretched, the mouth is opened, and the nose is watery. Increased eye secretions, swollen and protruding eyelids.

2. Lesions: There are gray and dark bacterial filaments in the lung, and yellow secretions in the trachea and bronchus. The condition is slightly longer. There are small necrotic nodules on the lungs and air sacs, and a slightly larger central depression with round mold spots can also be seen in the cysts.

3. Prevention: Do a good job of moisture prevention in rainy seasons to prevent the bedding grass and feed from becoming moldy. In the nursery, the utensils should be disinfected regularly, and the bedding grass should be replaced frequently.

4. Treatment: (1) Feed nystatin with 500000 units per 100 grams of chicks twice a day for 3 days. (2) Clotrimazole was fed to 100 chicks with 1 g of clotrimazole twice a day for 2-3 times. (3) Drink and take Weiba to prevent complications.

10、 Birds fail

1. Symptoms: sudden death of chickens is common at the initial stage. A few days later, the sick chicken appeared anorexia before death, with loose feathers, frequent discharge of yellow or yellow green thin feces, black crowns, and rapid breathing. In the later stage, symptoms such as swollen joints, lameness and swollen beards can be seen.

2. Lesions: fat hemorrhage in the cardiac coronal groove, large gray white necrosis points on the liver surface, catarrhal or hemorrhagic apical disease in the duodenal mucosa, fat hemorrhage in the peritoneum, subcutaneous tissue, and intestine, pulmonary stasis and edema. It is common for hens to have cheese like cracked yolks and eggs in their abdominal cavity.

3. Prevention: chickens over two months old should be regularly injected with the chicken sterile vaccine.

4. Treatment: Penicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin, sulfamethazine, fluguaic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs, as well as some Chinese herbal medicines with heat clearing, blood cooling, anti-inflammatory and detoxification have therapeutic effects, which can be used optionally. Please refer to the instructions or follow the doctor's instructions for usage.

11、 Coccidiosis

1. Symptoms: poor appetite, fear of cold, loose feathers, drooping wings, closed eyes. Pulling white blood and feces, even sick blood. Sick chickens are emaciated, with pale cockscomb and anemia.

2. Lesions: The cecum is significantly swollen, the small intestine is also significantly thickened, the appearance is brownish red or dark red, the intestinal mucosa is thickened, and the cecum is filled with blood.

3. Prevention: Cutting off the life history of coccidia outside the body, such as keeping the chicken house ventilated and dry, keeping the proper feeding density, removing feces in time, and disinfecting the site regularly are effective measures to prevent the occurrence of this disease.

4. Treatment: At present, there are many drugs used for the treatment of coccidiosis, such as Baobole, Amproline, Jibao-20, Coccidiosis Extract, Diqiuwang, Sulfamethoxine, Qiujing, Penicillin, etc. Among them, Coccidiosis Extract has the best effect, which can be used by various households.

When coccidiosis occurs, it must be treated with both medicine and defecation, otherwise a large number of coccidiosis eggs will infect other chickens after they mature in the external environment, making it difficult to cut the root of the disease.